Infection Control
Infection control prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings. Infection prevention and control practices are important in maintaining a safe environment for everyone by reducing the risk of the potential spread of disease. The basic goal of infection control is to protect the client and employee from infection.
There are two tiers of recommended precautions to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings: Standard Precautions and Transmission – Based Precautions (CDC, 2022).
Standard precautions are used for all patient care. They are based on risk assessment and make use of common-sense practices and personal protective equipment use that protect healthcare providers from infection and prevent the spread of infection from patient to patient (CDC, 2022). Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources. They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients. Hand hygiene is a major component of standard precautions and one of the most effective methods to prevent transmission of pathogens associated with health care. In addition to hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment should be guided by risk assessment and the extent of contact anticipated with blood and body fluids, or pathogens. In addition to practices carried out by health workers when providing care, all individuals (including patients and visitors) should comply with infection control practices in health-care settings.
Transmission – Based precautions are the second tier of basic infection control and are to be used in addition to standard precautions for patients who maybe infected or colonized with certain infectious agents for which additional precautions are needed to prevent infection transmission (CDC, 2022). Healthcare workers must follow strict guidelines when caring for a patient on transmission-based precautions. Contact precautions, droplets precaution and airborne precautions are the three different types of transmission-based precautions.